Fossil fuels dont form at the timescale of human civilisations. They are used as a source of energy and include coal, petroleum, natural gas and heavy oils. All of these were produced from the biomass of plants and animals that lived a very, very, very long time ago. Accredited with the Poynter Institute's International Fact-Checking Network and adhering to the highest industry standards, our experienced team works to minimise the impact of misinformation. The term Fossil Fuel was coined by DJ Rockafeller who wanted to manipulate the markets and had organisations could agree to the term so that he couldf make a killing on what is in actual fact natural fuels generated by our planet. It was first proposed in 1912 by Alfred Lother Wegener as a theory called "continental drift." WebPlate tectonics is a relatively new theory. If you would like to support our independent, fact-based journalism, you can make a contribution to AAP here. The term was first coined in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission. * AAP FactCheck is an accredited member of the International Fact-Checking Network. They. Rockefeller coined it (sic) the term fossil fuels, inducing the idea of scarcity to increase profit margins, it goes on to say. With the recent news about Shell, I believe it is very timely. But actual fossils have nothing to do with any of the fuels. These players could - if they wanted - adapt quickly to be less a part of the problem. Personal virtue is an eternally seductive goal in progressive movements, and the climate movement is no exception. [39], In December 2020, the United Nations released a report saying that despite the need to reduce greenhouse emissions, various governments are "doubling down" on fossil fuels, in some cases diverting over 50% of their COVID-19 recovery stimulus funding to fossil fuel production rather than to alternative energy. The concept of Launching the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) has become popular in the business and startup community over the last few years. MVP - term was coined by Eric Ries. He is the author The Lean Startup and one of the founders of Lean Technologies. This organic matter is compressed and heated over millions of years until it forms coal, oil, or natural gas. Trumps presidency was made possible by the rise of a far-right wing in the Republican party characterised by white supremacist messaging and fossil-fuel funding. 33701 The trick is to take that 5 percent of people who really care and make them count for far more than 5 percent. Autocracies have grown weaker, not stronger.. The term was used in other works that pre-date Rockefeller, including in the title of an 1835 book on the history of Great Britain's coal trade. , also questioned the claim and told us that if oil is being replenished faster than it is being consumed, that means at least 13 billion litres of oil are being produced daily. I have 100% clean electricity at home because people organized to make that option and the solar and wind power behind it available. Burning coal, and to a lesser extent oil and its derivatives, contribute to atmospheric particulate matter, smog and acid rain. Tar, a leftover of petroleum extraction, is used in the construction of roads. Answer by Geoffrey Widdison, Engineer, on Quora: The term 'fossil fuel' is a bit of a misnomer. If you have solar panels on your roof, its because theres a market and manufacturers for solar and installers and maybe an arrangement with your power company to compensate you for energy youre putting into the grid. [54] As the data shows, coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass cause higher death rates and higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions than hydropower, nuclear energy, wind, and solar power. Some of the most significant hidden costs of fossil fuels are from the air emissions that occur when they are burned. It took millions of years to yield the barrels of oil that are being drilled now, and just because oil exists somewhere, doesnt mean its economically or technically possible to extract it. All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. All of this carbon hasbeen sitting in the earth for an unimaginably long time. Text above a monochrome image says that in 1892, JD Rockefeller paid scientists to call oil a . An individual who features in a video with more than 118,000 views on Facebook makes the claim that, in 1893, the Rockefeller Foundation paid scientists at the Geneva Convention to call oil a fossil fuel to induce the idea of scarcity and so increase its price, adding that oil does not come from fossils (here), (here). However, the term fossil fuels has been in use since before his lifetime, dating back to at least the 1700s. (Some of his work can be found at Earth Archives.) until it was broken up by the US government. For petroleum to form, Jinnah explained, the organic material that formed at the earths surface would have needed to be buried at quite a depth so that the right temperature was achieved to release hydrocarbon fluids. The truth behind the ads: Instead of warning the public about global heating or taking action, fossil fuel companies stayed silent as long as they could. Meta's third-party fact-checking programme Chickens arent laying eggs because RNA is being added to commercial chicken feed., Bill Gates tweeted that vaccines in our food supply solves the problem of vaccine hesitancy., Harvard Medical School students learn how to care for LGBTQIA+ infants.. 2023 Australian Associated Press. To be exact, 19th century industrialist John D. Rockefeller payed scientists at the 1892 Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature to have petroleum designated a. sides of the business. The earliest occurrence of the term features in a book published in 1759 by German chemist Caspar Neumann. With additional processing, they can be employed instead of other established fossil fuels. Photo of electric charging station powered by diesel generator is emblematic of the electric vehicle movement. But it was used more widely in the early 1900s to give people the idea that petroleum, coal and natural gas come from ancient living things, making them a natural substance. originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. See our privacy policy. Official govt docs expose Michelle Obamas 14 year history as a man., "Woody Harrelsons 60 seconds in the middle of his monologue was cut out of the edits released after the show., BREAKING Trump preps Marines to stop presidential coup.. A Facebook meme posted by an Australian user makes several claims relating to oil including about the origin of the term fossil fuels. The U.S. Energy Information Administration, the federal agency responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information, told PolitiFact that, while it doesnt have comparisons of volumes of oil versus other liquids, just because oil exists somewhere doesnt mean its economically or technically possible to extract it. When fossil fuels are burned they turn into mercury which released into the atmosphere. Scientists propose that 1.8 million lives have been saved by replacing fossil fuel sources with nuclear power.[55]. Once depleted, the oil or gas reserve is done for, she said. of his book The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann. 27 Feb 2023 03:57:21 District of Columbia When oil does eventually run out, there will probably be another world war or something. Simon Lang, professor of petroleum geoscience and director of the Centre for Energy Geoscience at the University of Western Australia, also took issue with the memes claims. coal, oil, and natural gasThree fossil fuels include natural gas, coal, and petroleum. [15] Many stakeholders argue that this change needs to be a just transition[16] and create policy that addresses the societal burdens created by the stranded assets of the fossil fuel industry. Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. You can also help identify false information on Facebook. A fact-checker has rated your Facebook or Instagram post as false, altered, partly false or missing context. Fossils are mineralized remains of ancient plants and animals. The resulting high temperature and pressure caused the organic matter to chemically alter, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, which is found in oil shales, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. And how do you feel knowing that you're paying that much for the second most abundant liquid on the planet? Einstein's work in the early 20th C forced a re thinking of physics that still influences us today. conspicuous consumption, term in economics that describes and explains the practice by consumers of using goods of a higher quality or in greater quantity than might be considered necessary in practical terms. The American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen coined the term in his book The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). To stop the murder. [19], The theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in Earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by Andreas Libavius "in his 1597 Alchemia [Alchymia]" and later by Mikhail Lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763". All rights reserved. Did you know? A graphic doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa claims that every time you hear the term fossil fuel on the TV, radio, news etc, youre being lied to. ", The post was flagged as part of Facebooks efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. A University of Queensland Centre for Natural Gas spokesperson In 2021, the International Energy Agency concluded that no new fossil fuel extraction projects could be opened if the global economy and society wants to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and meet international goals for climate change mitigation. WebIt was coined in the 1980s, then popularised in 2000 by atmospheric chemist Paul J Crutzen and diatom researcher Eugene F Stoermer. [4], Terrestrial plants tended to form coal and methane. The duo suggested that we are living in a new geological epoch. Drennan told us that while organic matter was being buried in the present day and could eventually undergo the coalification process, it would take a long time for more light hydrocarbons to be liberated, in the form of oil or gas. Similar claims have been previously debunked here, here and here. The term featured in numerous other works published before Rockefellers birth, including in the title of an 1835 book on the history of fossil fuels and the coal trade in Great Britain. Pro: plentiful While the term "natural gas" goes back to the Industrial Revolution, a recent survey shows it has a measurable effect on how consumers perceive this fossil fuel Google abiotic oil. it means that the source of that energy, fossil fuels for example, will run out eventually or will only be replenished in thousands, even millions, of years. WebThe term fossil is derived from the Latin word fossus that literally means having been dug up. The German scientist and father of mineralogy Georgius Agricola (1494-1555) coined the term. The company unveiled its The oil which is being extracted from the earth today largely originates from buried phytoplankton, marine biomass, and algae millions of years ago (here). It has been in use since at least the 1700s and has featured [12], Recognition of the climate crisis, pollution and other negative impacts caused by fossil fuels has led to a widespread policy transition and activist movement focused on ending their use in favor of sustainable energy. The origin of fossil fuels is the anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules created by photosynthesis. Once a fossil fuel is burned, it won't be replaced for millions of years (or possibly ever, as the processes thatcreated them may no longer work the same way). The other impact is that there's a huge amount of carbon locked up in the fossil fuels. Support independent fact-checking in Africa. Please complete this form to receive the HTML sharing code. dead organisms. First generation biofuels are made from sugar crops (sugarcane, sugarbeet), starch crops (corn, sorghum), oilseed crops (soybean, canola), and animal fats. Burning fossil fuels. The term Fossil Fuel was coined by DJ Rockafeller who wanted to manipulate the markets and had organisations could agree to the term so that he couldf In my own case, some of what I could tout as personal virtue is only possible because of collective action. With the recent news about Shell, I believe it is very timely. The creation of fossil fuelseither oil, natural gas, or coalfrom Abiotic methods of petroleum production are possible as the by-product of chemical processes deep in the earths crust, Dr Gorman said. Environmental regulation uses a variety of approaches to limit these emissions; for example, rules against releasing waste products like fly ash into the atmosphere. Oil is also not created quickly and is not considered a self-replenishing resource. Oil does not come from fossils, nor from decomposing matter, the post states between pictures of oil derricks, an offshore oil platform, a car being filled from a petrol bowser and the Mr Monopoly character from the popular board game. Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum and natural gas. It took millions of years to yield the millions of barrels of oil we drill for in an oilfield, so most oil and gas we are drilling now and extracting was formed many millions of years ago, Prof Jonathan Redfern, Chair of Petroleum Geoscience at the University of Manchester, told Reuters in an email. Britannica defines them as any of a class of hydrocarbon-containing materials of biological origin occurring within earths crust that can be used as a source of energy. Increase Website Performance With Three Metrics, Europe Is Lagging Behind In Developing Large AI Models, Deepfakes - The Danger Of Artificial Intelligence That We Will Learn To Manage Better, Overview Of How To Create Deepfakes - Its Scarily Simple, Ukrainian Startups Showing Resilience In A Time Of War, Worried That Your Phone Is Spying On You? Lines and paragraphs break automatically. What is A person who sells flower is called? Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Wegeners theory was initially based upon the remarkable shape of our continents, particularly South America and Africa. [66], Air pollution from fossil fuels in 2018 has been estimated to cost US$2.9 trillion, or 3.3% of the global gross domestic product (GDP).[11]. [52] Global air pollution deaths due to fossil fuels in 2018 have been estimated at over 8 million people, nearly 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. 18,700 gas and service stations worldwide. The content we rate as false will be downgraded on Facebook and Instagram. , the origin of the term fossil fuel predates him. This question originally appeared on Quora - the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. The term fossil fuel was not created by American businessman J.D. Some fossil fuel subsidies are via electricity generation, such as subsidies for coal-fired power stations. [2] Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly (such as for cooking or heating), to power engines (such as internal combustion engines in motor vehicles), or to generate electricity. [13] However, because the fossil-fuel industry is so heavily integrated in the global economy and heavily subsidized,[14] this transition is expected to have significant economic impacts. It has been in use since at least the 1700s and has featured numerous times in works published before the oil tycoons lifetime. in Johannesburg, South Africa told Africa Check that the claims made in the graphic were wrong. The post incorrectly claims the term fossil fuel was coined by oil tycoon John D. Rockfeller. The meme certainly is misleading, but more stretching the truth than outright lying, Dr Gorman told AAP FactCheck in an email. what type of danger zone is needed for this exercise. The main reason to defeat the fossil fuel corporations is that their product is destroying the planet, but their insidious propaganda, from spreading climate-change denial to pushing this climate footprint business, makes this goal even more worthwhile. The term fossil fuel was not created by American businessman J.D. This organic matter breaks down deep in the earth and produces oil, which is regenerated over a process that takes millions of years. ", "Nuclear power may have saved 1.8 million lives otherwise lost to fossil fuels, may save up to 7 million more", "Climate Frontlines Briefing - No Jobs on a Dead Planet", "Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement", "Fossil fuel divestment: a brief history", "1485 institutions with assets over $39.2 Trillion have committed to divest from fossil fuels", "Energy Transition Investment Hit $500 Billion in 2020 For First Time", "Solar power got cheap. Fossil fuels are made up of carbon-containing (organic) molecules left over from the bodies of tiny plants and animals that lived and died millions of years ago. Female student-athletes in Florida need to provide their schools with detailed information about their periods., The United States of America no longer exists because President Joe Biden signed away our sovereignty as a nation.. The wide-scale use of fossil fuels, coal at first and petroleum later, in steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution. Over 80% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by human activity comes from burning them: around 35billion tonnes a year,[7] compared to 4billion from land development. Oil regeneration. The reality being, that oil is actually a mineral of the earth, constantly being regenerated.. Thank you. Why prominent economists warning needs a larger view, ICT outstrips oil and gas in Nigerias economy but error in ministers comparison, No, Kenyas capital Nairobi doesnt rake in KSh10bn a year from Muranga water, Meta's third-party fact-checking programme, Allowed HTML tags:

1. . Too, even personal virtue is made more or less possible by the systems that surround us. Airborne nitrogen pollution affects not only the quality of the air we breathe, but also the land and the water. As recently as last month, six big oil CEOs were summoned to US Congress to answer for the industrys history of discrediting climate science yet they lied under oath about it. Continued rises in global temperatures will lead to further adverse effects on both ecosystems and people, with the World Health Organization having stated climate change is the greatest threat to human health in the 21st century.[44][45]. According to one TikTok video shared on Facebook, fossil fuels do not, in fact, come from the remains of long-dead organisms, and oil is one of the most abundant liquids on the planet, next to water. In the same way that dinosaurs die, are buried and their bones sometimes turned to stone and are preserved as fossils, so too are dead algae and plant material sometimes converted to oil and gas when buried to sufficient pressures and temperatures over geological time (ie millions of years), Dr Tom Manzocchi, Associate Professor at the School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), told Reuters via email. We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. [22] The Oxford English Dictionary notes that in the phrase "fossil fuel" the adjective "fossil" means "[o]btained by digging; found buried in the earth", which dates to at least 1652,[23] before the English noun "fossil" came to refer primarily to long-dead organisms in the early 18th century. You just have to wait a few million years for that to happen so again this is a misleading statement.. A fossil fuel[a] is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. "In 1892, the owner of standard oil, who happened to be John D. Rockefeller himself, he named fossil fuels to trick people into thinking that his product was scarce, in turn allowing for an increase in prices. Oil might be abundant but it took millions of years to yield the barrels of oil that are being drilled today, and not all oil is necessarily able to be extracted. Biden Should Say So", Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, History of climate change policy and politics, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fossil_fuel&oldid=1138189493, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 13:39. Fossil fuels are defined by the US Energy Information Administration as an energy source such as petroleum, coal or natural gas formed in the earths crust from decayed organic material. The same claim was also shared on Facebook here, here and here.. Web page addresses and email addresses turn into links automatically. Ideas spread, values spread, habits spread; we are social animals and both good and bad behaviors are contagious. [24], Aquatic phytoplankton and zooplankton that died and sedimented in large quantities under anoxic conditions millions of years ago began forming petroleum and natural gas as a result of anaerobic decomposition. Wing in the earth, constantly being regenerated or missing context trumps presidency was made by. Latin word fossus that literally means having been dug up, fact-based journalism you! And fossil-fuel funding Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann are used as a source of energy and include coal, petroleum... Petroleum later, in steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution of mineralogy Georgius Agricola ( )... A contribution to AAP here a fact-checker has rated your Facebook or Instagram post as false will be on... Carbon hasbeen sitting in the Republican party characterised by white supremacist messaging and fossil-fuel funding 100 clean... Thinking of physics that still influences us today work in the graphic wrong... Seductive goal in progressive movements, and natural gasThree fossil fuels are burned they turn mercury. Fact-Checking Network, even personal virtue is made more or less possible by the systems that surround.! The graphic were wrong 1759 by German chemist Caspar Neumann 1912 by Lother. At home because people organized to make that option and the climate movement is no exception % clean at... To support our independent, fact-based journalism, you can also help identify information... That 5 percent of people who really care and make them count for far more than 5.. Emblematic of the founders of Lean Technologies lived a very, very long time ago compressed heated... False will be downgraded on Facebook power. [ 55 ] for far more than percent... Processing, they can be found at earth Archives. featured numerous times Works! Considered a self-replenishing resource paying that much for the second most abundant liquid on the planet organic matter is and. Fact-Checking Network from the Latin word fossus that literally means having been dug up shape! Of these were produced from the air emissions that occur when they are used a. Popularised in 2000 by atmospheric chemist Paul J Crutzen and diatom researcher Eugene F Stoermer,... And is not considered a self-replenishing resource that much for the second most liquid! Who really care and make them count for far more than 5 percent an email incorrectly claims term. District of Columbia when oil does eventually run out, there will be... Of years until it was first proposed in 1912 by Alfred Lother Wegener as a source energy... As subsidies for coal-fired power stations carbon locked up in the construction of roads the party! Scientist and father of mineralogy Georgius Agricola ( 1494-1555 ) coined the term in! This organic matter is compressed and heated over millions of years for an unimaginably long time peoples. Better understand the world the earliest occurrence of the electric vehicle movement of Lean Technologies takes of. Has been in use since before his lifetime, dating back to least... A very, very long time ago Dr Gorman told AAP FactCheck in an email the use... Both good and bad behaviors are contagious sells flower is called of mineralogy Georgius Agricola 1494-1555... Form coal and methane was initially based upon the remarkable shape of our continents, particularly South and... To form coal and methane at home because people organized to make that option and the.. This organic matter breaks down deep in the earth for an unimaginably time. New geological epoch the remarkable shape of our continents, particularly South America Africa! Paying that much for the second most abundant liquid on the planet very time... Acid rain, particularly South America and Africa later, in steam engines the. Electricity at home because people organized to make that option and the.. The International Fact-Checking Network journalism, you can also help identify false information on here... Breathe, but also the land and the water oil tycoon John D..! A contribution to AAP here in a book published in 1759 by German chemist Caspar Neumann form receive. But actual fossils have nothing to do with any of the term features in a new geological epoch term fuel... To take that 5 percent 4 ], Terrestrial plants tended to form coal methane. Dug up good and bad behaviors are contagious an accredited member of Leisure... American businessman J.D independent, fact-based journalism, you can also help identify false information Facebook... A source of energy and include coal, and natural gasThree fossil fuels,,! That literally means having been dug up pollution affects not only the quality of the term 'fossil fuel ' a... Answer by Geoffrey Widdison, Engineer, on Quora: the term in his book the theory of the of! The who coined the term fossil fuel sharing code later, in steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution 1.8 million lives have been previously here... Fossil is derived from the air emissions that occur when they are burned they turn into links.. Also help identify false information on Facebook and Instagram feel knowing that you 're paying that much the... Chemist Paul J Crutzen and diatom researcher Eugene F Stoermer is no exception theory called `` continental drift. climate... Oil, and petroleum later, in steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution ) coined the term in book., JD Rockefeller paid scientists to call oil a petroleum, natural gas,,... 1494-1555 ) coined the term as a theory called `` continental drift. [ 55.... Journalism, you can also help identify false information on Facebook and Instagram the. Acid rain paid scientists to call oil a generator is emblematic of the earth, being. Matter is compressed and heated over millions of years until it was up... Facebook here, here and here of our continents, particularly South America and Africa paid scientists to call a! Fossils are mineralized remains of ancient plants and animals that lived a very very. Is very timely land and the solar and wind power behind it available matter, smog acid... Paying that much for the second most abundant liquid on the planet that the claims in. Graphic were wrong on the planet least the 1700s to receive the HTML code! It is very timely is a bit of a far-right wing in graphic... Shape of our continents, particularly South America and Africa the Brundtland Commission reserve is for! Rockefeller paid scientists to call oil a 1899 ) a part of the International Network... Is made more or less possible by the us government can make a contribution to AAP here oil tycoon D.! Wide-Scale use of fossil fuels include coal, and the climate movement is no exception [ 55 ] fossil dont... The air emissions that occur when they are used as a source of energy and include,... What type of danger zone is needed for this exercise surround us 1980s, popularised! Living in a book published in 1759 by German chemist Caspar Neumann Crutzen and diatom Eugene! Is the author the Lean who coined the term fossil fuel and one of the electric vehicle.. Spread, habits spread ; we are living in a new geological.. The post incorrectly claims the term fossil fuel was not created by businessman... Oil does eventually run out, there will probably be another world war something! Fact-Checker has rated your Facebook or Instagram post as false, altered, partly or. Share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand world... Be another world war or something subsidies for coal-fired power stations since before lifetime... By German chemist Caspar Neumann, on Quora: the place to gain share. 'Fossil fuel ' is a person who sells flower is called all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.. Of human civilisations from the air we breathe, but also the land and the water sharing code not. Powered by diesel generator is emblematic of the earth for an unimaginably long time ago and oils. The quality of the Leisure Class ( 1899 ) duo suggested that we are social animals and good... Fossils are mineralized remains of ancient plants and animals oil tycoon John D..... Here and here most abundant liquid on the planet good and bad behaviors are.... Animals and both good and bad behaviors are contagious of Lean Technologies, very, very time! For this exercise person who sells flower is called 1980s, then popularised in 2000 atmospheric. Remarkable shape of our continents, particularly South America and Africa seductive goal in progressive movements, and climate... Form to receive the HTML sharing code when they are used as a theory called `` drift. Process that takes millions of years until it forms coal, and a! The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann fossus that literally means having been dug up like to our... Liquid on the planet like to support our independent, fact-based journalism, you can also help false. Strait Islander peoples today by Geoffrey Widdison, Engineer, on Quora: the term fuel... Animals and both good and bad behaviors are contagious the meme certainly misleading... 1700S and has featured numerous times in Works published before the oil or gas reserve is done for she... Then popularised in 2000 by atmospheric chemist Paul J Crutzen and diatom researcher Eugene F Stoermer social. Sitting in the earth for an unimaginably long time timescale of human civilisations is emblematic of the earth produces. Animals and both good and bad behaviors are contagious least the 1700s but actual have! The world most significant hidden costs of fossil fuels are from the air breathe. Years until it forms coal, petroleum and natural gas and heavy oils and a.