The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Fifty-five slaves were tried for insurrection, murder, and treason. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. \quad\text{Total Revenues}&& \$16,120,000\\ For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. 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Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Do not delete this text first. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} State colonization movements emerged as well, leading to the establishments of African colonies such as the Republic of Maryland and Mississippi in Africa. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. Give Me Liberty Ch. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Required c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ \text{EXPENSES}\\ Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ Leadership and authority within the church was the exclusive domain of white men. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ The White Americans still wanted public white only area. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . A popularized outlook by way of revivals. \end{array} Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. b. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. e. 111.78111.78111.78. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. 1. ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. Antebellum PeriodAntebellum is a Latin word that means "before the war." In American history, the antebellum period refers to the years after the War of 1812 (1812-15) and before the Civil War (1861-65). Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Legal. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ Consolidated Statement of Income and Reform Movements of the 19th Century. Afterward, the rebels would flee to the newly-freed nation of Haiti. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . Further reproduction prohibited without . Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. Many were pacifists, who believed that coercion should be eliminated from all human relationships and institutions. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. While many women spoke out against alcohol, many in the movement perceived women and children as the chief victims of alcohol consumption, as their husbands and sons suffered from alcohols effects, spent the familys money on alcohol, spent their time in bars and saloons rather than in the family home, and sometimes became violent when drunk. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. Why? Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. Antebellum reform was international in scope . Pace of Life Preference by Gender. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. 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